Icivics crossword answer key

Lesson Plan. In this lesson about creating a government, students learn how the U.S. Constitution came to exist by looking at the tensions and differences of opinion that existed among early American states and citizens. Students learn about the Articles of Confederation, why the first “constitution” didn’t work, and how compromise led to ...

Icivics crossword answer key. REVIEW the answers with the class if you wish. DISTRIBUTE one crossword review to each student. ASSIGN students to complete the crossword review REVIEW the answers with the class if you wish. CLOSE by asking students to use scratch paper to sketch a T-chart with Articles of Confederation on the left and Constitution on the right.

5.04 government and the economy review.docxThe market economy worksheet answer key — db-excel.com We got this icivics answer key / the public sphere icivics worksheetEconomy mixed economic market systems worksheet answer key system economics luxury command socialism capitalism types questions source planned.

3. This mini-lesson covers the basics of the Supreme Court’s decision that interpreted the Commerce and Supremacy Clauses of the U.S. Constitution and affirmed the federal government’s superiority with regard to its enumerated powers. Students learn about the dispute between Gibbons and Ogden, the meaning of the Commerce and Supremacy ... Lesson Plan. Students learn about the different forms of government that exist, including democracy, autocracy, oligarchy, and others. They compare and contrast these forms, and they look at real-life examples in the world today. iCivics en español! Student and class materials for this lesson are available in Spanish.The President cannot. An action by the House of Representatives to accuse the president, vice president, or other civil officers of the United States of committing "Treason, Bribery, or other high Crimes and Misdemeanors." Why Senate Approval? Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like Treasury, Labor, Education and more.Teacher Resources. Get access to lesson plans, teacher guides, student handouts, and other teaching materials. I find the materials so engaging, relevant, and easy to understand – I now use iCivics as a central resource, and use the textbook as a supplemental tool. The games are invaluable for applying the concepts we learn in class.Icivics sources of law worksheet answer key from www.coursehero.com. Use our crossword puzzle maker to create your own crossword puzzle with custom words and clues to quiz kids on vocabulary, reading comprehension the answer word should be at the beginning of each line followed by a comma, and then followed by the word's clue.Students learn about the rights guaranteed by the Bill of Rights and other important constitutional amendments. First they consider what rights they believe are important, then they read and analyze the real text of each amendment. This lesson also helps students analyze the impact that the Bill of Rights has on their daily lives.the class answer A or B as a chorus. Here’s the key: Venn Mini Quiz. Display the projection master, showing the Venn diagram. Read each characteristic below aloud and have the …

people of things that can prove one's version of the what happened. remand. when an appellate court sends a case back to the trial court. types of evidence. photograph, witness. review. what an appellate court does with a case. …This country’s got problems! And that’s why the government creates public policy to try and resolve them. What is public policy? In this lesson, students explore various types of public policy, including social and economic regulations, the provision of public services, and funding for government programs. Students also discover how public policy affects their …Enlightenment (Icivics) Enlightenment. Click the card to flip 👆. a movement of 18th century Europe that emphasized science and reason as guides to understand and improve the world. Click the card to flip 👆. 1 / 8.1 / 28. Flashcards. Learn. Test. Match. Q-Chat. srahim14. Top creator on Quizlet. ·. Created 1 year ago. Students also viewed. Terms in this set (28) The first court to hear a case. … mercantilism. wealth measured in gold and silver. diderot. all people should have liberties. john locke. 3 natural rights. mary wallstonecraft. a vindication of the right of women. Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like cesare beccaria, tabularasa, adam smith and more. a group of several judges who hears a case together. opinion. written document issued by the court explaining the reasoning behind its decision. lawyer. the person who represents someone in court. en blanc. all the judges from an appeals circuit hearing a case again to reconsider the decision. supreme court."'That whenever any Form of Government becomes destructive of these ends, it is the Right of the People to alter or to abolish it" Declaration of Independence rights "we, the undersigned Delegates of the States assembled did on the fifteenth day of November in the year of our Lord One Thousand Seven Hundred and Seventy seven, and in the Second Year of the Independence of America agree to ...Legislative Branch Lesson Answer Key. The Legislative Branch. Page 1 Reading text only The legislative branch is one part of the U.S. government. The legislative branch is also called Congress. Congress makes federal laws. There are two parts of Congress: • Senate • House of Representatives. The U.S. Senate.

This court gets to choose which cases to hear. Supreme Court. Type of court that reviews the trial courts decision. Appellate. The supreme courts power to decide what is constitutional. Judicial review. When there is more than one judge the group of judges is called. Panel. The lowest court in the federal system. Free mathematics worksheets with answer keys can be found on several websites, including Math Worksheets Go, Math Goodies and Math-Aids.com. Participants can use some of these work...Lesson Plan. Teach your students about democracy with examples from the very beginning! In this lesson, students learn about Athens’s direct democracy and Rome’s republic. Students explore how these governments took shape and key features of their structure, and then try their hands at comparing and contrasting each to U.S. government today.Worksheet icivics crossword government ecdn federalistIcivics answers : taxation worksheet answers icivics nidecmege We got this icivics answer key : taxation worksheet answer key alsoWorksheet answers icivics killer stress answer portrait civil america story key war excel db education nature.This lesson explores the case that established the power the Supreme Court has today. Students will learn how the decision in Marbury v. Madison influenced the structure of the third branch, and how the Court's use of judicial review can be interpreted as activism or restraint. But wait, there's more! The 14th Amendment defined natural born citizenship for the nation. Over a century later, the clause is still making news. This mini-lesson examines the 14th Amendment’s Citizenship Clause, explains why it was created, and introduces students to questions raised in political debate around birthright citizenship.How to use this lesson: Use this lesson by itself or pair it with more iCivics ...

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The questioning of an opposing witness during a trial. In a criminal action, the person or party accused of an offense. Charismatic, fictional British spy invented during the Cold War who was capable of incredible acts chasing bad guys and always getting the girl. A perfect example of Cold War fiction. 3. This mini-lesson covers the basics of the Supreme Court’s decision that interpreted the Commerce and Supremacy Clauses of the U.S. Constitution and affirmed the federal government’s superiority with regard to its enumerated powers. Students learn about the dispute between Gibbons and Ogden, the meaning of the Commerce and Supremacy ... If you’ve ever tried your hand at solving crossword puzzles, you know that it requires a unique set of skills. Crossword puzzles challenge your ability to think critically and solv...This library of mini-lessons targets the people, ideas, and events that influenced the development of America’s government. Each mini-lesson includes a one-page reading and a one-page activity, and is appropriate for a variety of uses. Unlike the iCivics lesson plans, these mini-lessons are designed for students to complete independently without the …If you don’t have much time to plan for News Literacy Week, check out our Media Moment Mini-Lessons.These quick lessons combine civic content and media literacy skills and consist of a content reading, a news literacy highlight, and a one-page news literacy activity.Each of these lessons can be assigned with Kami and they can be found in our …Here are a few steps you can take to access the answer key for Capable County iCivics. 1. Visit the official iCivics website: The first step is to visit the iCivics website. You can do this by typing “iCivics” into your preferred search engine and clicking on the official website link.

PDF Enlightenment Influencers - Bschur.weebly.com. Complete the crossword puzzle using terms you learned in this lesson. Across 6. life, liberty, and property Down agreement between a government and its 1. people . living without rules or a government 2 things that you own: land, food, tools 3. a blank page or slate 4. freedom to make your own …Lesson Plan. The United States annexed Texas after years of debate. In this mini-lesson, students learn about Texas’ independence from Mexico, the role of slavery in delaying Texas’ admission, and how President Tyler pushed annexation through in the final hours of his presidency.It is free and accessible to all students. It is designed for middle school students, but it can be adapted for older or younger students. It covers a variety of topics related to limited government, including what it is, why it is important, how the United States Constitution limits government power, and examples of government overreach.type of government where the central government has all the power. unitary. type of government where states and central government share power. federal. division of power … I find the materials so engaging, relevant, and easy to understand – I now use iCivics as a central resource, and use the textbook as a supplemental tool. The games are invaluable for applying the concepts we learn in class. My seniors LOVE iCivics. Lynna Landry , AP US History & Government / Economics Teacher and Department Chair, California KM 754e-20140124104819. Judicial Branch in a Flash s Across 1. Number of court systems in the U.S. 3. Group of people who decide a case after hearing the evidence 6. When an appellate court upholds a verdict 7. What appellate …a group of several judges who hears a case together. opinion. written document issued by the court explaining the reasoning behind its decision. lawyer. the person who represents someone in court. en blanc. all the judges from an appeals circuit hearing a case again to reconsider the decision. supreme court.Students learn about the limited power of government in this lesson, which outlines five basic limits on government. They analyze the true story of former Peruvian president Alberto Fujimori, in which many of those limits disappeared, and they evaluate fictional cases of governments with limits missing. The concepts in this lesson prepare ...Students will examine the purpose, forms, and limitations on government. They will learn about key philosophers like John Locke and explore practical examples of government functions. Students will complete this unit with an understanding of different forms of government, key influences on American democratic principles, and distinguishing ...whether there are any expectations of citizens. Write their answers on the board. Distribute the reading and graphic organizer. reAD the first two paragraphs of the reading with the class, pausing to help them fill out the Graphic Organizer. project the “Oath of Allegiance” projection master after finishing the second paragraphTeacher's guide judicial branch in a flash time needed: Circulate to answer questions as. Distribute the judicial branch in a flash! review worksheet. It should have parts a, b, and c on. Students should use the reading page as a reference sheet. Students will learn about the federal and state courts and what they do.

Many pieces play a part in carrying out our nation’s foreign policy—and they don’t always get along. In this lesson, students learn what foreign policy is, discover the agencies who execute it, and examine how the legislative and executive branches sometimes clash. The lesson includes a case study that focuses on the Vietnam War and a spotlight activity …

Icivics crossword answer key 1. Early Americans had something to do with this fictional character!goldilocks2. These are individuals in the Confederacy, created by TSC3. Some of the states that have to agree to change the constitution three-quarters. Under New Jersey's plan, those states would have more power.5 Under Virginia's plan, those ...3. Edit icivics the capable county answer key form. Replace text, adding objects, rearranging pages, and more. Then select the Documents tab …I find the materials so engaging, relevant, and easy to understand – I now use iCivics as a central resource, and use the textbook as a supplemental tool. The games are invaluable for applying the concepts we learn in class. My seniors LOVE iCivics. Lynna Landry , AP US History & Government / Economics Teacher and Department Chair, CaliforniaStudents learn the purpose of appellate-level courts and how those courts operate differently from the trial courts most people are familiar with from watching television. By following the case of a real middle school girl who was strip searched at school, students find out what happens when someone takes a case all the way to the Supreme Court ...Roleplay. Students participate in a scripted fictional trial based on a real case in which the producers of James Bond films sued Honda for creating an ad that looked way too much like a James Bond movie. After the "trial," students examine evidence and play the role of jurors. Students apply real copyright law to simulate the process courts ...Reading p.2 Second In Command The Constitution of the United States gives the president a helper: the vice president. However, the Constitution doesn ’ t say much about what the vice president does, except that the VP is also the president of the Senate (one of the two lawmaking chambers in Congress). But the VP only presides over the Senate to cast a …Key Worksheet Government Answer. Limiting government worksheet answer key The three parts of this practice Reading test are presented over three separate web pages Vice president—The vice president supports the •Read the reading thoroughly •Read the reading thoroughly. https://mkd.emergenzaidraulico.torino.it/.I find the materials so engaging, relevant, and easy to understand – I now use iCivics as a central resource, and use the textbook as a supplemental tool. The games are invaluable for applying the concepts we learn in class. My seniors LOVE iCivics. Lynna Landry , AP US History & Government / Economics Teacher and Department Chair, CaliforniaObtaining something through family ties. enlightenment. a period of time when people develop new ideas about him is it existence and human rights. State of nature. life with complete freedom, no rules, and no government. Republicanism. The idea that a country's leader should big chosen by Citizens in a general election.Icivics Constitution "Wanted: A Just Right Governm…. 1. Early Americans had something in common with this fictional character! goldilocks 2. These were "individuals" in the.. icivics worksheet p 1 along with american government final, wanted a just right government ... answers to wanted a just right government crossword, wanteda just right ...

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inconsistent answers (indicating confusion). Use each statement as an opportunity for quick review. A/B Mini Quiz. Display the projection master, showing the A/B chart. Uncover one question at a time. Have the class answer A or B as a chorus. Here’s the key: Venn Mini Quiz. Display the projection master, showing the Venn diagram. Read each ...Judicial branch in a flash crossword answers : icivics i have rights. Economic system in which the government owns the key parts of the economy and there. 15 Pictures about Icivics Review Worksheet P. icivics i have rights worksheet. worksheet federalism answer key. 2 answer key Reload Open Download 2. …Created by a team of veteran AP Gov. teachers and content experts from iCivics and Study Edge, this online, on-demand course is designed to support teachers and students alike as they navigate the newly-designed AP course and exam. Our course includes over 100 videos and accompanying study guides that break down all of the essential content ...Lesson Plan. Students participate in a scripted fictional trial based on a real case in which the producers of James Bond films sued Honda for creating an ad that looked way too much like a James Bond movie. After the "trial," students examine evidence and play the role of jurors. Students apply real copyright law to simulate the process courts ...Crossword with 20 clues. Print, save as a PDF or Word Doc. Customize with your own questions, images, and more. ... Module 3 lesson 1-4 key terms Crossword PDF Module 3 lesson 1-4 key terms Crossword Word Document. ... The player reads the question or clue, and tries to find a word that answers the question in the same amount of letters as ...My seniors LOVE iCivics. Lynna Landry , AP US History & Government / Economics Teacher and Department Chair, California. 1. 2. 3. View Scope and Sequence. What do state governments do? In this overview lesson, students learn about state government structure, functions, lawmaking, and relationship with local government.Federalism. The division of power between a central government and state governments. United. A word that describes the relationship of the states in America. Britain. The country that ruled the American colonies before the revolutionary war. Implied. Powers that are not actually stated in the Constitution. Ch 5 Test Learn with flashcards ... inconsistent answers (indicating confusion). Use each statement as an opportunity for quick review. A/B Mini Quiz. Display the projection master, showing the A/B chart. Uncover one question at a time. Have the class answer A or B as a chorus. Here’s the key: Venn Mini Quiz. Display the projection master, showing the Venn diagram. Read each ... Students learn the purpose of appellate-level courts and how those courts operate differently from the trial courts most people are familiar with from watching television. By following the case of a real middle school girl who was strip searched at school, students find out what happens when someone takes a case all the way to the Supreme Court ...Students learn about the limited power of government in this lesson, which outlines five basic limits on government. They analyze the true story of former Peruvian president Alberto Fujimori, in which many of those limits disappeared, and they evaluate fictional cases of governments with limits missing. The concepts in this lesson prepare ... ….

Civics and Citizenship Crossword. A person who belongs to a country. The top level of government. The Premier is the leader of this government. This level of government takes care of rubbish collection. The study of the rights and duties of citizenship. To allow (someone who was born in a different country) to become a new citizen.Judicial Branch in a Flash Learning Objectives. Students will be able to: Identify the basic levels and functions of the judicial branch Compare the three levels of the court system. Demonstrate the progress of a case as it moves through the judicial system. This lesson plan is part of the Judicial Branch series by iCivics, Inc. a nonprofit organizat icivics john locke - Free download as PDF File (.pdf), Text File (.txt) or read online for free. In this lesson, students get the basics of U.S. citizenship. As a foundation for studying the rights and responsibilities of citizens, they’ll learn what it means to be a citizen and how people become U.S. citizens. Students also look at related U.S. symbols and traditions, such as the flag, U.S. holidays, and patriotism, and they examine how ...icivics answer key for the constitutional convention pdf as skillfully as review them wherever you are now. Understanding Democracy John J. Patrick 2006-05-25 Explains the core concepts of democracy. TIME The Constitution Editors of TIME Magazine 2012-05-11 Americans have debated the Constitution since the day it was signed, but rarely in its.We explain whether 7-Eleven sells stamps, plus similar places that sell them. Find out prices, available quantities, and more inside. Short Answer: Many 7-Eleven stores sell stamps...Grace called my name, so I answered. It asked me to be kind to myself. I obliged. It asked me to be patient with others. I agreed. It asked me... Edit Your Post Published by jthree...The Candidates Were Asked Questions On Key Issues Including … Federal 2) The citizens in this system of government vote and elect members of the legislative body, but thaticivics-voting-rights-guide-notes-answers 2/19 Downloaded from dromen.christenunie.nl on November 17, 2022 by guest help her community, just like her Mami does, she always … These free crossword puzzles are designed for ESL students from beginning to advanced levels. They are downloadable and may be reproduced for classroom use. Crossword puzzles can be used to teach, introduce, and reinforce vocabulary words. Each crossword puzzle comes with an answer key. Answer keys can be shown on classroom interactive ... Icivics crossword answer key, A rank granted to someone by a king or government giving that person greater status that common people. Federalists. supported the Constitution, and generally saw a bill of rights as unnecessary. Anti-Federalists. opposed the Constitution, partly because it had no bill of rights. Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like ..., Legislative Branch Lesson Answer Key. The Legislative Branch. Page 1 Reading text only The legislative branch is one part of the U.S. government. The legislative branch is also called Congress. Congress makes federal laws. There are two parts of Congress: • Senate • House of Representatives. The U.S. Senate., Students learn about the rights guaranteed by the Bill of Rights and other important constitutional amendments. First they consider what rights they believe are important, then they read and analyze the real text of each amendment. This lesson also helps students analyze the impact that the Bill of Rights has on their daily lives., Manifest Destiny i-Civics True/False Notetaking Directions-If the statement is true, click the box next to T. If the statement is false, click the box next to F. For each false statement, rewrite it to make it a true statement based on the reading. T Manifest Destiny is the idea that America was meant to grow so its citizens could spread and ..., This lesson explores the case that established the power the Supreme Court has today. Students will learn how the decision in Marbury v. Madison influenced the structure of the third branch, and how the Court's use of judicial review can be interpreted as activism or restraint. But wait, there's more!, inconsistent answers (indicating confusion). Use each statement as an opportunity for quick review. A/B Mini Quiz. Display the projection master, showing the A/B chart. Uncover one question at a time. Have the class answer A or B as a chorus. Here’s the key: Venn Mini Quiz. Display the projection master, showing the Venn diagram. Read each ... , Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like State, County, Commission and more. , 1 / 28. Flashcards. Learn. Test. Match. Q-Chat. srahim14. Top creator on Quizlet. ·. Created 1 year ago. Students also viewed. Terms in this set (28) The first court to hear a case. …, C. Crossword! Use the clues and the reading to complete the crossword puzzle. A. Put It In Perspective. Shade in the Enlightenment on the timeline. (Find the dates in the reading.) 0 0 0 0 5 5 0 ck t s d d d ’s y 5 — d 9 - cy 1 ar B. Speech and the Social Contract. The U.S. Constitution says the government cannot limit freedom of speech. , mercantilism. wealth measured in gold and silver. diderot. all people should have liberties. john locke. 3 natural rights. mary wallstonecraft. a vindication of the right of women. Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like cesare beccaria, tabularasa, adam smith and more. , Teacher Resources. Get access to lesson plans, teacher guides, student handouts, and other teaching materials. I find the materials so engaging, relevant, and easy to understand – I now use iCivics as a central resource, and use the textbook as a supplemental tool. The games are invaluable for applying the concepts we learn in class., Solve the crossword puzzle using vocabulary from the reading. Across 3. Type of democracy where citizens elect leaders to represent them in government 7. A small …, Reading p.2 Second In Command The Constitution of the United States gives the president a helper: the vice president. However, the Constitution doesn ’ t say much about what the vice president does, except that the VP is also the president of the Senate (one of the two lawmaking chambers in Congress). But the VP only presides over the Senate to cast a …, A king or queen rules the country. A form of government where one leader has absolute control over citizens' lives. Citizens hold the political power. Citizens elect leaders to represent their rights and interests in government. There are no representatives. A small group of people has all the power., Lesson Plan. In the debate over the Constitution, the Bill of Rights was a deal breaker. In this lesson, students learn why the federalists thought the Constitution didn’t need a bill of rights and why the anti-federalists refused to accept the Constitution without one. Students will find out why individual rights was such a big issue, where ..., Here are a few steps you can take to access the answer key for Capable County iCivics. 1. Visit the official iCivics website: The first step is to visit the iCivics website. You can do this by typing “iCivics” into your preferred search engine and clicking on the official website link., Students learn about the limited power of government in this lesson, which outlines five basic limits on government. They analyze the true story of former Peruvian president Alberto Fujimori, in which many of those limits disappeared, and they evaluate fictional cases of governments with limits missing. The concepts in this lesson prepare ..., Have them discuss their answer with a partner and write it on a piece of paper to hand you as an exit ticket. Alternatively, have students keep silent about their choice, and then poll the class to see which arguments are most popular. Discuss the results with the class. Teacher Guide Step by Step., See how it all fits together! View Scope and Sequence. Students will learn how our Constitution was created and what some of its key characteristics are. They will also explore key amendments to the Constitution and their application in protecting citizens' rights. Planning to celebrate Constitution Day?, Participation Guide. Students may answer by calling ―true‖ or ―false‖ as a chorus, or by showing you thumbs-up or thumbs-down. DISTRIBUTE the ―Judicial Branch in a Flash!‖ review worksheet. It should have the three sections on one side and the crossword puzzle on the other side. Circulate to answer questions as necessary., Lesson Plan. The Enlightenment was a period of time, starting around 1715, when people developed new ideas about human existence, including people's basic rights and the purpose of government. When our Founding Fathers created a government for the new United States, they embraced many Enlightenment ideas. iCivics en español! , REVIEW the answers with the class if you wish. DISTRIBUTE one crossword review to each student. ASSIGN students to complete the crossword review REVIEW the answers with the class if you wish. CLOSE by asking students to use scratch paper to sketch a T-chart with Articles of Confederation on the left and Constitution on the right. , Lesson Plan. This lesson gives an article-by-article overview of the structure and function of the U.S. Constitution. Students learn about the duties and powers of the three branches, the amendment process, and the role of the Constitution as the supreme law of the land. (Note: Anatomy of the Constitution now includes content previously covered ... , Ask students to share, and record their answers on the board. DISTRIBUTE one Anticipation Activity worksheet to each student. ASSIGN students to complete Groups A, B, and C of the Anticipation Activity. (Tasks are grouped in threes to make the ranking and discussion more manageable.) , Lesson Plan. The Enlightenment was a period of time, starting around 1715, when people developed new ideas about human existence, including people's basic rights and the purpose of government. When our Founding Fathers created a government for the new United States, they embraced many Enlightenment ideas. iCivics en español!, Solve the clues to complete the crossword puzzle. Use the first page of the reading for help. Limiting Government Name: Worksheet p.2 Across 3. Minority rights are needed in order to treat everyone this way. 4. The people who run governments must be kept in ____. 5. Means giving permission. 6. How citizens give their consent to a government. 8., sections on one side and the crossword puzzle on the other side. Circulate to answer questions as necessary. Students should use the reading page as a reference sheet. ASSIGN the “Judicial Branch in a Flash!” review worksheet and the crossword puzzle on the back., inconsistent answers (indicating confusion). Use each statement as an opportunity for quick review. A/B Mini Quiz. Display the projection master, showing the A/B chart. Uncover one question at a time. Have the class answer A or B as a chorus. Here’s the key: Venn Mini Quiz. Display the projection master, showing the Venn diagram. Read each ..., D. Review. Complete the crossword to review what you learned about McCulloch v. Platy/and. Across 3. The state of Maryland said the Bank of the U.S. had to pay this 5. Describes how the government works 9. Word that means "to make rules about" 10. In the old days, state banks issued these, which acted like money 11. Word that means …, Icivics County Government Answer Key - Myilibrary.org. Icivics Answer Key 2 Government spending Government is said to be spending close to 30 billion rand in public money to fund just over 27-thousand managers in the Government Spending, Taxes and the Economy Government Spending This short tutorial video looks at UK government …, Roleplay. Students participate in a scripted fictional trial based on a real case in which the producers of James Bond films sued Honda for creating an ad that looked way too much like a James Bond movie. After the "trial," students examine evidence and play the role of jurors. Students apply real copyright law to simulate the process courts ..., Icivics County Government Answer Key - Myilibrary.org. Icivics Answer Key 2 Government spending Government is said to be spending close to 30 billion rand in public money to fund just over 27-thousand managers in the Government Spending, Taxes and the Economy Government Spending This short tutorial video looks at UK government …, 1. the branch that interprets the laws. 2. the branch that carries out laws. 3. The branch that makes laws. 4. in the House of Representatives, the number of votes a state gets depends on this. 6. one of two things people were afraid states might lose.